Steam-condensing plant.



0. B. MORISON. STEAM com me PLANT. APPLICATION Fl APR. 6.1916.

1,246,771 Patented Nov; 13, 1 17.

2 $KEETSSII EET 2- Elven/tor.- flomld dflonzison,

DONALD BARNS MOBIS ON, OI HABTLEPOOL, ENGLAND.

STEAM-GONDEN SING PLANT.

Specification or letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 13, 1917.

Application and April e, 1910. sci-m No. 09,460.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, DONALD, BARNS MomsoN, asubject of the Kin o reat Britain and Ireland, residin at a epool, inthe county of Durham, ngland, ave invented the Improvements in orRelating to Steam- Condensing Plants, of which the following isa'specification.

It is known to withdraw aerated vapor from a condenser by apparatuscomprising steam ejectors arranged in series the air being discharged tothe atmosphere with or without an additional air expelling device,

' and my invention relates to apparatus of this kind. j

i In the working of condensing steam engines, the total quantity of airwhich mixes with the steam and has to be discharged from the condenserto the atmosphere by an air pump, consists of the quantity of air whichenters the boiler with a unit volume .of feed water and the quantity of.air which leaks into the vacuum system through defective joints andconnections. The latter quantity is variable as it depends on the airtightness of the plant at any given moment.

When-aerated exhaust steam enters a con} denser and the design of thecondenser is 1 normal, that is, one in which the' proportion 80 of air,contained in a unit volume of the mixture of steam and air, graduallyincreases from the point of entry at the condenser to the point ofwithdrawal from the condenser, it follows that the greater the 85 volumeof aerated vapor withdrawn -from,

the condenser by the air withdrawing ap- Earatus perfunit of time, thesmaller wlll e the'proportion of air in the total volume I of steam andair which remains in the con- 40 denserlatany iven moment, and thereforethe flfiaterv wil be thequantity of heat that loan. ettransmitted fromthe exhaust'steam tothe condensing water, with the resultthat thetemperature of the vapor contents of the condenser is loweredand thevacuum corresponding thereto is raised. I

i The volume of aerated vapor that can be economically withdrawn from acondenser.

'isgovernedby the value of the steam used 10 by the air withdrawingapparatus J The object of this invention is, over'ja predetermined rangeof air entry into 'the vacuum system, to withdraw from a condenser-"under vacuum, with. the expenditure bl5.. 0'f a given quantityof steam, a larger 1- ume of ae ated vapor ditdischa g -the direct tothe atmosphere, I experiment that the expenditure oi steam required forthe discharge of a steam, "so that the economical use of such steambecomes of very great importance in the air withdrawin not exceednomical expenditure of highc pressure steam.

getby an economical expenditure of hi hair contained in such volume tothe atmosphere), than has, hitherto been; obtainable with apparatus ofthe kind referred to.

hen air as contained in aerated vapor B0 is withdrawn from a condensingvessel by a steam ejector which discharges. the air have rb i y "vi q i.5 tlty of air becomes uneconomiclfi when the vacuum exceeds 27 inchesof mercury. I have also found that for such an ejector the steamrequired economically-to dischargeair to the atmosphere must, be highpressure air discharging apparatus.

According to m invention I withdraw the aerated vapor 'romthecondenser-by the action of three or more ejectors arranged" andproportioned in series in accordance with the principles hereinafter setforth. The firstofthese ejectors (hereinafter called ejector) whichwithdraws direct from t e condenser, -I arran e and proportion insuchmanner that it wor s betweenasmall pressure difference of suctionand discharge and is therefore capable of withdrawing a large volume ofaerated vapor over a predetermined range of air entry intothe vacuumsystem, with.'an ec0- nomical expenditure of steam. The pressurediflerence is so small (in the case of a normally air tight system itwouldusually 1.5. ounds per square inch) that under the con itions ofworking, the ejecnor is enabled to withdrawthe maximum, volumeobtainable with an economical expenditure of steam; I discharge to theatmosphere, usually through a. suitable condensmg device, the:airlcontained in the" withdrawn aerated vapor by another steam e ector(hereinafter called the air delivery e ector) designed to operate withan ecohis ejector shouldwork ween such pressure d fl'erences that thedegree of'compression is by preference the maximum-1 can 1105 presentssteam for a given uantity Of'fill.

find that af good pressure lfl'erence inthe case of a normally air tightsystem is about 12J ounds per square inc but any pressure: di erencefrom about 9 pounds to 13.5 pounds would be within the scope armyinvolit on, I amenabled to desig and, opera neoesmry 10 The degree ofoompnsm'm by fl thmfmof ow power producing vuluo.

In uppurufius according to my invmtion, 'bmuaa cnuh. o! flu thm ejectorin urranged so I8 in god: at chair Raped-in ringua of momlml [manuredifl'umom, l0 thn m1 :gmdilun of album required in order m p uco tbsneeemry pressure dif- [amass and the resultin rim is well. within themge 0 Lbs nquiremqm 01 m engineering practicum result which 95 hrs nothemwfum been obtuinad with applmtusuithe kind nfurredt u.

By way of sample I will ducnbe, mth reference no the nucmnpanylug.diagram- -mutic draw" t o forms 0. ppm-rams so ;onstructod nu operutipgin woo with my invm'ta'on, ind m which the quotoraaro proyirkdwithitowndunsars in a known manner.

thmaeetors lm inner as shows 'ngnmmatim themmlte oh by apgumtua designedand animated pad operut .in agqoruanre with my im mhon, n mbatzmfillhran illustrated m 1, tasted in the m1 manner. 40 illustrates nmodiflutlon oi F; 1, m which our ejector: an; With mic-mm to Fig. 1.apparatus oomprisra three 1mm upended e m u rmgud in Berks, namely, rmvair withdraw- 4: ing ujector a, r. eomtrollm ejadnr 5, and an.

a. u wi huir delivering ejecin r (1.

gram: from m enact an 'i argue into oondgn m mcimr 0'; Lin: aiml- 5withdraw! m5 1-0 vapor from the eondmsing remivu' a dimhurgus intn theemmdflrnsim rearing f; the ujo'ctor a withdnml lrom unndmng lwru'wu'[and mm the mar operated e ector condmgur condenutn or 55 other waterbuing deln brand: at. such a 'rd citgjas will parent.

- au v bu, rmm gnaier a ntmoaphcriu, nr ifr-daairabla to create avlumum, on the dimiurg side uf the ajaotor m In the apparatus tasted,thorium rup- ..ptiod bu tlm ecctnra a uud b was of low W, and t atsupplied be dug, eiector a was 0! high 3mm The. quantity of watercirculmle' from .the mall t [Jim 11 the 66 claim! ream-1 (condemn a and11m;

.. mully dilchugzd main oun- 10.7. Th8 mun oomprmun 1m:

tha .inirh, eninhiud tbs tbs bud: twu 1'5' pmfll hour. The hum was mm;from In! byapum andflomdhmirtuthadmfl wand uu nwmpiwrio prawn Th: umLune! thq water was mlmuimd at so (mm mmm, urn thu hailing temperatureof inter undu' 28.91 imbue vmuum.

In in at. candmsin 75* pountTfl-fli steam prfiuur, the qum tily nir nor-M ths m1, am tlm uuk t, manning the pint to bg umptiunally qlr tight inits pipel and trons, be apprerxl ma 4 uubh he: pmuunufa' but.fiihiiifimll .uir and so i: w file eflriruqr a mm turhhmlsnfall in mm Ithat usofwnderind ba prurifiaur' with" apparatus which can .u uiulgi'nnurm ruzuum undrr a mnfliflonx-of'uirghlie mpresmfa iron: 2' to 8 timesthe IWHIB undu- Mr E of 'ltwlll asuenbg' to the diugrun Fig. i that.when N Urn-8 .0: was admitted to the dosed {cum denser-d)ataruwoifluuhviqfutper ut the vacuum was 2&9 mdml- Wrth don In this airadmiliion, Hut 1:, 6 cubic fut per juinuta, a vacuum a! 28.8 imhui waswhile with 11mm time; tho abovu an admission, numb] 9 min-um, {in vacuumonly. M5331 inc :8. The diamm-aoithaaumjutvmzhshu tha eircims a, b, 7inch. (L5 inches and. 0.218 thg mnlfi strum remium about I,

. pounds. aq lruu The martini; amiaof tubae are dual-gazed; oI-ruchprfiporhmrfl (whma I'm: mliacfivelly] an roduou whim enable flw ilfiectto be obbnimd, an In thia pnrl-icuhr mm I-e rclntire mas o! thecomhiniuhim I b, g are nupeeflrgly, in! the Eliza? quarter, 1:. for heejnutonfifi; 'formnwiflnimwingujictor,

the mini rmga of air mks" mm about 0.5 pounds for electur 41,. Q poundsfor 21mm 6,. and 11.7 puunds 0!- mkgfiur'u.

Th smut! pteuiuw: drflrmm mminwuui hawecntbs suctkm and dischargu ridesa! flu rjortor a, runway, 0.5 pmmfls par urgn rolumr of uarntcd, vaporto be econumicplly withdrawn from tho chased rural (under thy conditionsnut. forth} which was nerumry murder bu pruduoe thou-Q5111- lhuvrn onflue dmgmn,

' Tim mun dean: of cumPr'euiun reduced. by 'Lha swam anchor c w'ipn u:Ting anto the atmosphere ugamat H 6 pmaurr diflermee between itsall-flan nut] dmchnrgu aid, uam'l' rhuut. 1LT lmul lis prr uqnzrre awere m'spuuhivg'ijr 0.6 y

.wi'th an economical expenditure ofsteam.

In order to support or sustain the respective performances of ejectors aand 0, there is placed between them the e ector b.

ejector b in order to complete the absolute pressure due to 28.9 inchesvacuum, namely, 14,2 pounds, is in this particular case about 2po'undsand the degree of compression by 10."

theejector I) under these conditions so well; Withinits economical rangethat the expenditure ofsteamf therein is economical,

. and moreover the steam may be of low pressure. These proportions andsteam pressures 'were 'those adopted and theresults were those obtainedin connection with th s particular test under the conditions setforth,.but it is to be understood that in all i an irreducible'minimu'mwith no provision cases the proportions of the ejector and the steampressures employed depend on the v particular conditions associated withany particular plant., For. example in a submarine warship the.essentials in a condensingplant' are minimum weight and minimum spaceoccupied. .ln such a case the predetermlnedrange 0f a1r entry may be i"for, accidental .air leakage while the steam f for accidental airleakage Would be large pressures und'erjwhich the ejectors operate wouldbe consistent. with the weight and space requirements of the plant,whereas in an electric power station on landwhere economy of productionof electric current is I a first essentialthe condensing plant would bemore liberally proportioned, the margln and the pressures ,ofnsteamsupply to the ejectors would be consistent with obtaining 'the desiredresults at a minimum cost in steam. I

Fig. 2 is a modificationof Fig. 1, the similar parts bcing denoted bythe same let-'- tors of reference. In'Fig. 1, I have de scribedapparatus in which only one controlling ejector is employed, but I maywhen circumstances warrant it-as' for example 1 when a, considerablequantity of low pressuresteam is available as from a closed exhaustsystememploy more than onecon trolling e ectors b and trollingejector,and Fitg g shows two con- 1 arranged in series with the ejector-s a andc and intermediate condensers 0, fraud f; In this example thefinalejector c is shown discharging .into a nozzle submerged in Watercontained in the tankt. I 1

-The water is discharged from the condensing receivers when such areemployed by anyknownor suitable apparatus. The

steam, operated ejectors may be of any known type, and the condensingreceivers when employed may be of the direct contact or the surfacecontact type; and any portion tificially cooled, M a

The pressure difference to be maintained by the ejector and the pressureat of the water supply may be ar- Although I have described theinvention with reference to steam condensers, it is to be understoodthat the invention can be employed for the removal of large volumes ofgases from .other vessels under vacua,

such for example as in the case of the manufacture of sugar.

1. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors (exceedingtwo) arranged in series for withdrawing from a low pressure anddischarging to a higher pressure, said ej'ectors being so constructedthat thedegree of compression in each successive stage of compression,from the lower steam' operated ejector's (exceeding two) -arranged inseries with intermediate condensers, said ejectors being so constructedthat the degree of compression in each suecessive stage of compression,from the lower to thehigher pressure, is greater than in theprecedingstage, and a water operated fector conder ser into which the last steamejector discharges.

4:. Apparatus for Withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to ahigher pressure, comprising an air withdrawing ejector,

.a controlling ejector and an air delivering e ector, said ejectorsbeing arranged in series in the order mentioned and constructin such amanner that the air withdrawng ejector works under a small pressuredifference, theair delivery ejector works under a pressure differencewhich is at or near to the maximum pressure difference economicallyattainable, and the controlling ejector produces' the degree ofcompression necessaryto cover the gap between the discharge pressure ofsaid, air withdrawing of said air delivery ejector.

5. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to ahigher pressure, comprising an air withdrawing ejector, controllingejectors and an air delivery ejector, said e ectors bein arranged inseries in the order mentioned and constructed in such a manner that theair withdrawing ejector works between a small pressure difference, theair delivery ejector works under a large pressure dilference, and thecontrolling ejectors produce the degree of compression necessary tocover the gap bet een the discharge pressureof saidair.

'11s 7 the suction side Withdrawing ejector and the pressure at thesuction side of said air delivery ejector.

6. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to ahigher pres sure comprising the following devices ar ranged in series inthe order mentioned, an air withdrawing ejector, a condensing receiver,a controlling ejector, another ,con- (lensing receiver, and an airdelivery e ector,

ejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air deliveryejector.

7. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to ahigher pressure, comprising the following devices arranged in series inthe order mentioned, an air withdrawing steam ejector, a condensingreceiver, a controlling steam ejector, another condensing receiver, anair delivery steam ejector, and a water operated ejector condenser, saidsteam ejectors being constructed in such a manner that the airwithdrawing ejector works under a small pressure diflerence, the airdelivery ejector works under a large pressure difference, and thecontrolling ejector produces the degree of compression necessary tocover the gap between the discharge pressure of said air withdraw ingejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air deliveryejector.

8. Apparatus for the removal of air from steam condensers comprising thefollowing devices arranged in series in the order mentioned, an airwithdrawing steam ejector, a condensing receiver, a controlling steamejector, another condensing receiver, an air delivery steam ejector, anda steam condensing device, said steam ejectors being constructed in sucha manner that the air withdrawing ejector works' under a pressuredifference not exceeding 1.5 pounds per square inch, the air deliveryejector works under a pressure difference which is not greater than 13.5pounds per square inch nor less than 9' pounds per square inch, and thecontrolling ejector produces the degree of compression necessary tocover the gap between the discharge pressure of said air withdrawingejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air deliveryejector.

9. In apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors(exceeding two) ar ranged in series for withdrawing from a low pressureand discharging to a higher pressure, constructing said ejectors so thatthe degree of compression in each successive stage'of compression, fromthe lower to the higher pressure, is greater than in the preintermediateejector producing the degree of compression necessary to cover thepressure gap between the first and last ejectors.

10. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to ahigher pressure, comprising an air withdrawing ejector, a controllingejector and an air delivering ejector, said ejectors being arranged inseries in the order mentioned and constructed in such a manner that theair withdrawing ejector works under a small pressure dliference, the airdelivery ejector works under a large pressure difference, and

the controlling ejector produces the degree of compression necessary tocover the gap between the discharge pressure of said air withdrawingejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air deliveryejector, the nozzles of said air withdrawing and controlling ejectorsbeing supplied with low pres sure steam and the nozzle of said airdelivery ejector being supplied with high pressure steam.

11. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated e'e'ctors (exceedingtwo) arranged in series or withdrawing from a low pressure anddischarging to a higher pressure, in which the ejector which withdrawsfrom the lowest pressure works under a pressure difference not exceeding1.5 pounds per square inch.

12. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors (exceedingtwo) arranged in series for withdrawing from a low pressure anddischarging to a higher pressure, in which the ejector which dischargesto the highestpressure works under a pressure difference which is notgreater than 13.5 pounds per square inch nor less than 9 pounds persquare inch.

13. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors (exceedingtwo) arranged in series for withdrawing from alow pressure anddlscharging to a higher pressure, in which the ejector which withdraws10 steam condensers, comprising three steam operated ejectors arrangedin'series with intel-mediate condensers and a final water operated jetejector condenser, the first steam ejector which withdraws from theconfae denser normally producing a pressure difi'er- I "once ofapproximately 0.5 pound per square inch, the third steam ejector whichdis charges into the water operated e'ector normally reducing a pressured1 erence of :0 approximately 12 pounds per square inch, and the secondsteam ejector producing the remaining pressure difference between thefirst and th1rd steam ejectors, namely, approximately 2' pounds persquare inch.

16. In apparatus for the removal of air from steam condei'isers,comprising three steam operated ejcctors arranged in series withintermediate condensers, constructing the first ejector which withdrawsfrom the lowest absolute pressure so that it performs its n'edeterminedamount of compressive work by the expenditure of an economical quantity01' low pressure steam, constructing the third ejector which dischargesto the highest pressure so that it performs its predetermined amount ofcompressive work by the expenditure of an economical quantity of highpressure steam, and constructing the sccond'or intermediate ejector forlow pressure steam so that an economical expenditure of steam of givenpower producing value can be attained by the apparatus.

Signed at London this twenty second day of March 1916.

DONALD BARNS MORISON. Witnesses:

HARRY Fo'rnnaonm, LAWRENCE HENRY SHA'I'IOCK.

